A :
The EMS continuously monitors energy generation, storage, and consumption in real time. It supports peak shaving, load shifting, demand response, and grid frequency regulation by leveraging the system’s fast response capability to help maintain grid frequency stability. In the event of a complete grid outage, the energy storage system can self-start and power surrounding loads, providing critical backup power support. It also supports PV output smoothing by working alongside commercial distributed solar PV or wind power to smooth real-time power fluctuations and improve renewable energy utilization, as well as backup power management, remote dispatch, fault diagnosis, and cloud-based monitoring. Intelligent charging and discharging strategies are automatically executed according to electricity tariffs, grid conditions, and operational objectives.